Compound metal body and process of producing same.



J. P. MONNOT. oomrouma METAL BODY AND PROCESS or rnonncme SAME.

APPLICATION TILED APR. 24, 1907. RENEWED JUNE 16, 1909.

Patented Aug. 3, 1909.

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Ix 5" IIIIIIIIIIIIII ATTORNEYS N ES PATENT-OFFICE. airs;Wassaarsasw JOHN F. MoNNo'noF commun 1mm. non! nm menus or nonucmo am.

, mass of Letters am.

Pa ented Aug. 8, 1909.

Application mil 8!, 1007, lcfllllm SUM!- M M 1.6, I. lode! I0. 602,004.

To' all whom it may concern: l

7 Be it known thatI, Jorm F. MONNOT, a citizen of the United States, residing at New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Com cund Metal Bodies and Processes of Pro ucing Same; and I do hereby declare the followin to be a full, clear,and exact descri tion oft e same, such as will enable others s led in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same. i

This invention relates to com und metal bodies and processes of producing the same and consists inmetal articles com sed of layers of aluminum or other like metal of the light-metal group, (such as magnesium, beryllium or glucinum, or allo s such as magnalium, which because of h h content of one or more of the metals of sue grou partake in general of the nature "of suc metals) united to unlike metals, and particularly to ferrous metals such as iron or steel (including the various compound steels), and also in a process of producing such com-pound metal odies.: l a p My invention further consists in aluminum or a metal or alloy of thelight-metal group united to an unlike metal, such,- forexample, as iron or steel, b an intermediate layer of a thirdmetal, suc for example, ascopper, and in the recess of producing such compound meta bodies. a

The present application is a division of my prior application filed September 6th, 1906, Sr. No. 333,570, PatentNo. 853,716, May 14, 1907, itself based upon an earlier application filed June 16, 1905, Sr. No. 265,508, in both of which prior applications the sub'ect matter of this invention is substantially, disclosed, but not specifically claimed.

It is well known that aluminium and molten bat y me, which to a condition which I; have termed, for want of a better term, the supermolten condition, and then contacting such su rmolten metal with the surface ofthe un ike metal to which the same is to be joined, and

permitting a layer or coating of such supermolten metal to solidify on such surface. Such a coatmg, set from the fluid state, is -poreless and it. is found to cohere to the metal base with aQunion equivalent to a weld 11111011, such union resisting temperature changes, as in heating and quench1ng, me-

oourmr, or NEW 1 chamcal stresses and discovery by cutting tools, such as a cold chisel, and" permitting almost mdefinte co-extension of the joined metals, as by rolling, drawing and the like,

without severance of said oined metals. I have set forth in my said applications that the full coating maybe made from the supermolten bath, or that a mere film coating may be formedmp-such super-molten bath by dippmg the ob ect to be coated therein for a short time, such as a few seconds, and wit dra such object from such superunder conditions precluding oxidation of the intensely hot film coating formed in such bath, and then a further coating applied to such film coated surface by contacting such surface with a molten body of metal at substantially ordinary casting tem rature and confining a'layer of suitable thic ess of such latter body of supermolten metal in contact with such film surface and causing it to solidify thereagainst; after which ordinarily the coated ingots s0 produced are worked b rolling, pressin ,ham-

mering or. other su table mechanica treatment. I have further set forth in my said prior applications that the intermediate coating s not necessarily the same metal as the outer coating, but may be a different metal having the property of uniting in the supermolten condition with the surface to be coated and having also the roperty of combining with the metal of t e desired outer coating at or near the ordinary casting temperature thereof. 7

Aluminum is capable of being heated to a supermolten temperature at which it will combine directly with ironor steel; but for various practical reasons depending upon the properties of aluminum and particularly the ease with which it oxidizes (and h metals in the supermolten condition are much more reactive. than in the ordinary moltencondition, and thisis as true of aluminum as of copper or silver) it is desirable and preferable, particularly when coatingiron or steel-with aluminum, not to heat the aluminum to the super-moltencondition,

' track so that it can bemoved from place to butto first film coat with another metal which withstands better the supermolten temperature (copper for instance), and then to'form a coating of aluminum on'the copper surface formedv by the action of supermolten;

cop cr, molten aluminum uniting readily wit 1 the copper of the copper-filmed surface. Such a coating of aluminum,beingtformed from a-solidified fluid, is also porelcss and has the other general properties of a cast metal,

or, after extension, of a cast and extended metal; r I t V In the accompanying d rawmgs I illustrate apparatus such as may be used in carrying out my said process. p In sa d drawings; Figure 1 represents a sectional View of one form of a )paratus for carrying out the said process, 1g. 2 shows in detail section the construction of the bot-, template and lower portion of the casing of such a paratus. Fig. 3 shows a sectional view 0 an alternative form of easing which i may be employed. a

In Fig. 1, I is a preliminai heatin I chamher for the ingot or core or 0 pet to be coated; 2 is a furnace for heating a crucible 3 containlngr the" supcrmolten metal for forming the intermediate coating to unite the two metals and 4 1s a second similar crucible, which may contain the aluminum or other metal of which the secondor main coating is to be formed. It will be understood that in practice the furnace or heating means will be so constructed as to maintain in each crucible the desired temperature and, when neecssary, to maintain a considerable difference of temperature of the metalsm the two cruclbles. Means for accomplishing this. are

well known to those skilled in the art.

5 designatesa power hoist, here shown as an electrical ho1st,,mounted on a suitable place; and from said hoist is suspended, b

means of a porter bar 6, the ingot 7, which is: Said ingot ls'shown surrounded by a casing 8 having an internal,

the object to be coated.

diameter slightly larger than the external diameter of the ingot, and to said casing is con nectcd a pipe 9, a portion of which is'flcxible, said pipe provided with a three-way valve 10. This pipe and the valve 10 are provided for supp] ing to the casing, when desired, an atmosp ere of indifferent or neutralgas, such as producer gasQ Casing 8 hasaiweightcd headLll which insures thatwhen the, casing is lowered into the molten metal it shall sink therein to the desired deptln V i 12 designates'a bottom plate for the casing arranged to be secured to the ingot 7 itself,

by means of a screw 13., Said bottom plate is provided with a raised ribplr ring lematchmg a corresponding groove 15 m the lower edge of the casing, and adapted to coact with said'groove to make a tight o1nt. For raising and lowering the casing 8 with respect to the ingot 7,, a special hoist 1Q, suspem ed like porter bar 6 from hoist 5, lsprovidcd. It

has, as shown, two winding drums 17 upon which are wound two cables 18 connector to opposite'sides of the casing, so tliat said casr ingmay be raised and lowered truly verti-, v

cally. V. r I customaril, provide each crucible withfa is shown in Fig. 1, which cover is designed to possible, and is removed only when and so ong asneccssary to lower anmgotand casing into the crucible, or toin'spect themoltcn metahor for 'similar reasong To further exelude. a r fromrthe surface of the molten metal, I cover so much of its surface as possi- ;ble with a layer of charcoal, a rim 20 of refractory material which floatson the surface loose removal) ecover 19,, only one of which" exclude air from the molten metal so l'ar as 7 of the molten metal servingrto maintain a clearspace in the center for the passage ofthe ingot and casing. a

To assist in forming a tight joint between the bottom plate and easing, I provide inthe; i groove 15 suitable packing material 21. The casin and associated parts shown in Fig. 3' I are su stantially the sameas above described;

pic ling, or in any other suitable way, is

reviously preparer, bysandblastingand; I

placed. within the heating chamberl, which 1 customarily heat by passing around it hot poducer gas or roducts of combustion; hen the core has eenheated to the proper 1 degree, the hoist 5 with the casing 8 susp pended therefrom is moved over chamber 1:, the porter bar 6 is lowered and attachedto the ingot, and then said ingot is raised into; I casing 8, then preferably filled with a neu-q' .tral protective atmosphere, suchas that roe I dueer gas'madefrom charcoal or coke; ho

intermediate coating metal "in 3 being in supermolten condition, the casing and ingot are then lowered to about the surface of the molten metal, and the" ingotislowered from the easing into the supermolten metal, and alter a few seconds, du ring which the supermolten metal is forming a film coating on the a surfaceof said ingot, said ingot is raised into the casing 8 again (said 9 casing benig still filled with the "protective;atmosphere) the bottom plate12 isyapplied to the ingot, the

casingand ingot are moved overthesecond" bath 4, contamm g molten aluminum or metal or alloy of the lightnnctal group and lowered to near the surface of the molten metal therein, and then the ingot and bottom plate are lowered into the molten metal and immediately thereafter the casing is lowered into the molten metal until it contacts with the bottom plate, segregating from the molten metal as it descends the layer of such molten metal in immediate contact with the filmcoated surface of the ingot. The filled casing. closed at the bottom by the bottom plate, is then raised, and the molten metal is ermittcd to solidify, after which the coatei ingot is removed from the casing and is worked between rolls, in a press, under a hammer, or otherwise. either immediately or after submission to a soaking heating. it

By the method just described, an ingot is produced the intermediate layer (copper for example) of which is inseparably united to thecore or base (steel for example) and the outer layer (aluminum' for example) is inscparably united to the intermediate layer. Said intermediate layer is very thinso much so as to be inappreciable or nearly so.

The operation with the form of easing shown in Fig. 3 is substantially the same, except that the bottom plate is applied and caused to close the bottom of the casing, be-- fore dipping the casing in the second bath 4; and said casing, closed at the bottom, is then lowered into the metal in bath 4, and as the openings 23 near the surface of the molten metal the closure 24 is raised so that the casing fills through said openings. The ingot so produced may then be worked either immediately or after reheating or submission to a soaking heating, in the ordinary manner.

In a companion applicatiom'Serial No.

368,770, filed April 17, 1907 I have claimed broadly the process of uniting two unlike metals by means of an intermediate third metal inse arably united to the other two metals, a11(l the product so produced hence I do not claim such broad invention herein, but only claim said invention as embodied in coating with aluminum or metals or alloys of the aluminumgroup.

What I claim is 1. The process of producing compound bodies comprising a metal of the light-metal group and an unlike metal inseparably united, which consists in contacting a body of one such metal with a supermolten mass of a third metal and then contacting the coating so formed by such supermolten metal with a molten mass of the other metal and causing a layer thereof to solidify thereon.

2. The process of producing compound bodies comprising a metal of the light-1netal group and an unlike metal inseparably united, which consists in contacting a body of such unlike metal with a supermolten mass of a third metal and then contacting the coating formed by such supermolten metal with a mass of said metal of the lightqnetal group, and causing a layer thereof to solidify thereon.

8. The process of producing compound bodies comprising aluminum and a nonaluminous metal inseparably united, which consists in contacting a body ofone such metal with a supcrmolten mass. of a third metal and then contacting the coating formed by such supermolten mass with a mass of molten aluminum and causing a layer thereof to solidify thereon.

4. The process of producing compound bodies comprising a metal of the li htmetal grou and a ferrous metal inseparab y united, whic 1 consists in contacting a body of such ferrous metal with a supermolten mass of metal belonging neither to the ferrous nor light-metal groups and then contacting the coating formed y such supermolten metal with a molten mass of such light-metal group metal and causing a layer thereof to solidify thereon.

5. The process of producing compound bodies comprising a metal of the li lit-metal grou and a ferrous metal inseparab y united, whic consists in contacting a body of such ferrous metal with a supermolten mass of copper and then contacting the coating formed by such supermolten metal with a molten mass of such light-metal group metal and causing a layer thereof to solidify thereon.

6. The process of producing compound bodies comprising aluminum and a ferrous metal inseparablyunited, which consists in contacting a body of such ferrous metal with a supermolten mass of copper and then contactmg the coating formed by such supermolten metal with a molten mass of aluminum and causing a layer thereof to solidify thereon.

7. As a new article of manufacture, a. compound metal body comprising a ferrous metal use and a poreless layer of a metal, said metal having the properties of metal set from a liquid state comprising one of the group of light metals united thereto by an intermediate layer of a metal of high melting point, said intermediate layer also having the prope'rties of metal set from a liquid state.

8. As a new article of manufacture, a compound metal body comprising a ferrous metal ase and a poreless layer of a metal comprising aluminum united thereto by an intermediate layer of a metal of high melting point, both of said layers having the properties of metal set from a li uid state.

9.; As a new artic e of manufacture, a compound metal body comprising a ferrous metal ase and a poreless layer of a metalcomprising aluminum united thereto 1) an intermediate layer of 00 per, both saidl a are having the pro erties of metal set from a i uid state.

10. a new article of menu acture, a compound metal body comprising a ferrous metal base and a poreless layer of aluminum united thereto by en intermediate layer of copper, both said layers having the properties of metal set from a liquid state.

11. As a new article of manufacture, a

compound metal body com prising a layer of metal comprising one of A the light-metel group and an unlike metal, eeeh inseparably weldmnited to anintermedmte layer of metal unlike both, both said layers having the properties of metal set from 21 fluid state.

12. As it new article of inunufaeture, a

compound metal bod comprising aliiyer of aluminum and enwi ike metal, each inseparebly weld-united to an intermediate layer of a third metal, lmth said layers hnving the properties of metal setl'rom a fluid state;

13. As a new article of nmnul'eeture, a

compound metal body comprising alayer of aluminum and e lerrous metal, each insepa ml lyweld-united to an intermediate leyerpl copper, both said leye 's having the properties of metal set from, a lluidstate. V

compound metal bod 14. As a new article of iniwuu'feoture, a comprising a ferrous metal base and a pore ess layer of aluminum united thereto bye union resisting tempera ture changes, cutting tools and mechanical stresses.

15. As a newioarticle of manufaetu re, a lei-a reus metal having insepiirably united thereto a poreless dense aluglninum coating set thereon from the liquids'tate.

16; As a new article of nmnufact'ure; a compound metal body eomprising a; ferrous metal base endia pereless dense layer of a metal comprising aluminum united thereto by a union resisting temperature changes, outtmg tools and mechanicalstresses;

In testimony whereof I alhx my signature,

in the presence of two wit'nesses. i-

JOHN FJIVIONNOT. Witnesses:

BYRON E. ELDRED, JAs; K. CLARK. 

